Everything You Need To Know About The RAD, Cecchetti, Vaganova & Imperial Ballet Styles
As a ballet student, choosing the right ballet method that aligns with your goals, learning style, and aspirations is crucial. The most prominent ballet methods that are globally recognised and respected are the Royal Academy of Dance (RAD), the Cecchetti method and Vaganova method.
To help you pick the training that's best suited to you, we will look at how these methods differ, what they have in common, and as there is also some confusion around the Imperial method, we will dive into that too.
What is the RAD method?
The RAD is a globally renowned ballet organization based in London, known for its structured syllabus and emphasis on musicality, technique, and artistry. Founded in London in 1920, The Rad method combines elements of both the Vaganova and Cecchetti techniques. It focuses on developing a strong classical technique while nurturing the artistic expression of dancers, free of exaggeration to allow for versatility. The key aspects to consider are:
Grading System:
The syllabus is carefully designed to provide a progressive learning path for students. It includes a series of graded examinations and vocational levels that build upon each other, offering a clear sense of progression and achievement. Within the curriculum the non-vocational levels range from Pre-Primary to Grade 8 , along with 6 vocational grades. Each level or grade teaches a set class that is refined for just over an academic year. The curriculum is designed for children and teens, but adults are welcome to take exams through the RAD from Intermediate Foundation upwards. The non-vocational and vocational examined grades include the following:
Graded Examinations: The graded examinations range from Primary to Grade 8. Each grade has a specific syllabus and technical requirements that gradually increase in complexity and difficulty. These examinations focus on developing technical proficiency, musicality, and performance skills.
Vocational Graded Examinations: The vocational graded examinations are designed for students who wish to pursue a career in dance. They start from Intermediate Foundation and progress through Intermediate, Advanced Foundation, Advanced 1, and Advanced 2 levels. These examinations aim to develop advanced technique, artistry, and performance abilities.
Technique: There is a strong emphasis placed on developing a technically proficient and versatile dancer. The technique is a typically British style in that it is precise, clean and with an attention to detail and combines elements from the Vaganova and Cecchetti styles. The curriculum focuses on a well-rounded ballet education, encompassing both classical, contemporary and character styles and encourages versatility in the dancers. This versatility can be beneficial if you have an interest in both traditional and contemporary ballet. In most grades you will find many exercises and "dances" have one slightly more classical version and one more contemporary version. From Grades 2-8 there is a Character dance component at the end of the class.
Artistic Expression: The RAD places great importance on musicality and artistry, encouraging students to develop a strong connection between movement, music and storytelling. This method helps dancers to express emotions and create a narrative through their dancing. Both musicality and performance are awarded around 40% of the overall marks in grades 1-6. To read my article on how RAD exams are graded, click here.
Additional styles: The RAD encompasses a wide range of styles, allowing dancers to explore various genres within the classical ballet realm. This versatility can be beneficial if you have an interest in both traditional and contemporary ballet. In most grades you will find many exercises and "Dances" have one slightly more classical version and one more contemporary version. From Grades 2-8 there is a Character dance component at the end of the class.
The RAD syllabus includes character dance as an integral part of its curriculum and introduces it at specific levels within its syllabus.
Variations of the curriculum: There is only one version of the RAD curriculum, unlike the Cecchetti method where there are numerous different versions.
What is the Cecchetti Method?
The Cecchetti method, developed by Italian ballet dancer Enrico Cecchetti, is renowned for its focus on precision, technique, and attention to detail. It has more of a scientific approach to teaching with an emphasis on anatomy. Let's delve into the key features of the Cecchetti method:
Grading System:
Similar to RAD, the Cecchetti method follows a graded syllabus that offers a structured approach to learning ballet. This method focuses on mastering foundational skills before advancing to more complex movements, ensuring a solid technical foundation and is structured as follows:
10 Class Examinations: From Pre-Primary to Standard 6, these exams are taken by the teacher in the normal class setting and are designed for recreational purposes.
Grades 1-6: These grades focus on building a solid foundation in ballet technique, musicality, and performance quality and are designed for the more serious students. Each grade has specific technical requirements, including barre exercises, center work, and set dances.
Vocational Graded Examinations: The vocational graded examinations include Intermediate, Advanced 1, and Advanced 2 levels and are designed for students wishing to pursue a career in ballet. These levels further develop technical proficiency, artistry, and performance skills required for a professional dance career.
Technique:
The Cecchetti method emphasizes technical accuracy and strength. It pays meticulous attention to body alignment, placement, and control, aiming for the highest level of technical proficiency. In the original Cecchetti program there was a different barre prescribed for each day of the week. Each exercise worked on a particular part of the body to allow for aw well-rounded training. Personally, I find the steps within the combinations to be more repetitive than RAD, but with a similar emphasis on technique.
Artistic expression:
The Cecchetti method is known for its attention to detail and precision in technique. While the method emphasises technical proficiency, it also nurtures artistic qualities in dancers. The Cecchetti method encourages dancers to develop a strong stage presence and projection. Dancers learn to engage and connect with the audience, using their body language and facial expressions to convey emotions and create a compelling performance. They are trained to embody the character and intention of the choreography, bringing life and depth to their dancing.
Additional Styles:
Similar to RAD, the Cecchetti method also incorporates character dance into its syllabus. In the Cecchetti method, character dance is introduced at advanced levels, building upon the technical foundation established through the earlier grades. This style of dance enables students to embody different characters, styles, and movement qualities, enriching their versatility as dancers.
Variations of the curriculum:
There are different interpretations and variations of the Cecchetti method. While the foundational principles and techniques remain consistent, different organisations or schools may have slight differences in the way they teach and apply the method. Here are a few examples:
Italian Cecchetti Method: This refers to the original method developed by Enrico Cecchetti himself, an Italian ballet dancer and teacher. The Italian Cecchetti method is known for its focus on precise technique, body alignment, and attention to detail. It places a strong emphasis on the use of port de bras (movement of the arms) and the épaulement (positioning of the shoulders and upper body).
British (ISTD) Cecchetti Method: The Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD) offers a standardised curriculum for the Cecchetti method in the United Kingdom and several other countries. This method follows a structured syllabus with specific requirements and guidelines for each grade and level and has been adapted and developed to suit the needs of modern ballet training.
American Cecchetti Council: The American Cecchetti Council (ACC) is an organisation that promotes the Cecchetti method in the United States. While adhering to the core principles of the Cecchetti method, the ACC has its own syllabus and curriculum that is tailored to American dance education standards. It incorporates elements from both the Italian and British interpretations.
Other Regional Variations: In addition to the Italian, British, and American interpretations, there may be regional variations of the Cecchetti method in different countries. These variations may arise due to adaptations made by local dance organisations or individual teachers to suit their specific training needs and preferences.
It's worth noting that while there may be some differences in teaching styles or syllabi among these various interpretations, the core principles of the Cecchetti method, such as the use of the eight port de bras and the specific codified exercises, generally remain consistent across all variations. As a ballet student or prospective student, it's important to research and understand the specific interpretation of the Cecchetti method offered by the ballet school or organization you are considering. This will help you align your training goals and expectations with the particular variation of the Cecchetti method you will be studying.
What is the Vaganova method?
The Vaganova method, developed by Agrippina Vaganova, is a renowned ballet training system that originated in Russia. It combines the basic principles of Petipa's French ballet technique with the more science-based Cecchetti method.
Grading System:
The Vaganova method has a structured and progressive curriculum that builds upon fundamental skills and techniques. It encompasses a range of exercises, variations, and repertoire designed to develop dancers from beginner to professional levels. The Vaganova method does not have a standardised grading system like RAD and Cecchetti. Instead, it focuses on a more individualized approach to training and assessment. Students' progress is typically evaluated through periodic examinations or assessments conducted by their teachers or the school. The Vaganova method places a strong emphasis on technique, artistry, and the development of a dancer's overall skills and abilities.
Technique:
The Vaganova method places a strong emphasis on the development of strong technique and focuses on alignment, turnout, coordination, and placement of the body. The method aims to create a harmonious balance between strength and flexibility, allowing dancers to execute movements with control, fluidity, and grace.
Artistic Expression:
The Vaganova method emphasises the importance of expressive and dramatic qualities in dance, training the dancers to embody and convey emotions through their movements, enabling them to become versatile performers. There is a particular focus on musicality, expression, épaulement and ports de bras.
Additional styles:
The Vaganova method primarily focuses on classical ballet training but also incorporates elements of other dance styles and disciplines. Character dance is incorporated as an integral part of the training, along with contemporary and repertoire studies. By exposing dancers to diverse repertoire, the Vaganova method prepares them to adapt to different styles and choreographic demands.
Variations of the curriculum:
While there is not a significant variation of the Vaganova method itself, it's important to note that teaching approaches and interpretations can differ among schools and individual teachers. The Vaganova method is a renowned ballet training system that originated in Russia and is based on the teachings of Agrippina Vaganova. It has been widely adopted and followed by many ballet schools and companies around the world.
Although the core principles and techniques of the Vaganova method remain consistent, some schools or teachers may have their own teaching styles, exercises, or variations within the framework of the method. These differences can stem from individual experiences, training backgrounds, or regional adaptations.
Moreover, different schools or institutions may have their own syllabi and progression of training, even if they primarily follow the Vaganova method. The specific curriculum and exercises taught may vary slightly, but they are still rooted in the fundamental principles of the Vaganova method.
It's worth mentioning that the Vaganova method is often associated with the training provided at the Vaganova Academy in St. Petersburg, Russia. As one of the most esteemed ballet schools in the world, the Vaganova Academy follows a specific curriculum and training approach that adheres closely to the principles established by Agrippina Vaganova.
It's important to note that all three methods—Vaganova, RAD and Cecchetti—have contributed significantly to the development of ballet and have produced successful dancers worldwide. Each method has its own strengths, teaching approaches, and artistic nuances. The choice between them often depends on personal preference, the availability of training, and the compatibility of a particular method with an individual dancer's goals and aspirations.
Ultimately, aspiring ballet students should consider observing classes, speaking with experienced teachers, and understanding their own preferences and objectives to make an informed decision about the ballet training method that best suits their needs. The following table should help you compare some of the key aspects of each method:
| RAD | Cecchetti | Vaganova |
Curriculum structure | I class per grade or level involving complex combinations that are refined throughout the academic year | 1 class per grade or level involving repetitive yet challenging exercises that are refined throughout the year | Multiple classes and exercises prescribed over an academic year, gradually increasing in difficulty ending with a set class that is examined |
Grading system | Standardised grading system adjudicated by a RAD-approved examiner. 9 non-vocational grades, 5 vocational grades | Standardised grading system adjudicated by an external examiner. 6 non-vocational grades, 3 vocational grades | non-standardised grading system with periodic assessments in 8 different levels |
Styles | Classical, Neoclassical, contemporary and character | Classical and character | Classical and character |
Variations of the method | No | Yes | No |
Suitable for | non-vocational and vocational dancers with an interest in multiple styles | non-vocational and vocation students who respond well to precision and repetition | vocational dancers with natural flexibility, strength and who respond well to discipline |
Key features of the style | Strength, precision, versatility & control of movement | Strength, repetition of exercises, use of epaulement, emphasis on anatomy | Extreme, flexibility, strength, turnout, dramatic movements |
Origin | UK | Italy | Russia |
What is the Imperial method?
Imperial Method:
The Imperial method, also known as the Imperial Classical Ballet, is a comprehensive training system developed by the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD). This method encompasses both the RAD and Cecchetti techniques, incorporating the strengths of both approaches. There is no widely recognised "Imperial" ballet method in the same way as the RAD or Cecchetti methods and it is sometimes used to refer to a ballet method that combines elements from both the RAD (Royal Academy of Dance) and Cecchetti techniques.
It's important to note that ballet training methods can be influenced by various factors, including the preferences and training backgrounds of individual teachers or schools. Some ballet schools may choose to combine or integrate different techniques into their curriculum, resulting in a unique training approach.
If you encounter the term "Imperial" in the context of ballet, I would advise that you enquire further and seek clarification from the specific ballet school or organisation using that terminology. Understanding their specific approach, syllabus, and teaching methods will help you make an informed decision about your ballet training. Keep in mind that:
It combines elements of RAD and Cecchetti
It follows a graded examination system similar to the RAD system
It offers both graded examinations and vocational levels's flexibility allows teachers to adapt the syllabus to suit the needs of their students
Character dance is not typically included
Specific details may vary from one school to the other
How are these methods similar to each other?
It's important to note that while these differences exist, all three methods prioritise discipline, technical excellence, and artistic expression. The choice between RAD, Cecchetti, or the Vaganova method ultimately depends on personal preference, learning style, and individual goals as a ballet student. I would recommend that you observe classes, talk to experienced teachers, and consider trial lessons to get a firsthand experience and better understand which style resonates with you the most.
What kind of dancer is suited to each style?
Each ballet style may suit different types of dancers based on their strengths, preferences, and goals. While it's important to note that individual dancers can excel in any style with dedication and training, certain aspects of each style may align more closely with certain dancer types. Here's a general overview of how I believe each style may suit different types of dancers:
Royal Academy of Dance (RAD):
Suited to: Dancers who thrive in a versatile training environment and enjoy exploring a range of ballet styles and repertoire. RAD emphasises both classical and contemporary techniques, making it suitable for those interested in a diverse ballet career as well as dancers who prefer to follow a non-vocational syllabus.
Strengths: Dancers who excel in expressing emotions through movement, have a strong musicality, and enjoy storytelling through dance.
Focus: RAD places significant importance on artistry, expression, and musicality, allowing dancers to develop their individual style and interpretation of choreography.
Cecchetti Method:
Suited to: Dancers who are highly focused on technical precision, control, and attention to detail. Cecchetti is ideal for those who enjoy the challenge of mastering complex movements and strive for exceptional technique.
Strengths: Dancers with a strong sense of body alignment, discipline, and a meticulous approach to perfecting their technique.
Focus: Cecchetti places a strong emphasis on developing precise technique, allowing dancers to achieve a high level of technical proficiency and control.
Vaganova Method:
Suited to: Dancers who aspire to be a professional ballet dancer, who are naturally flexible and who show dedication and commitment.
Strengths: Dancers who have a natural aptitude for ballet technique, including a good sense of coordination, turnout, and body alignment, may find the Vaganova method well-suited to their abilities.
Focus: The Vaganova method requires a high level of discipline, dedication, and commitment to training. Dancers who thrive in this method are typically self-motivated and willing to put in the necessary time and effort to improve their technique and artistry.
Imperial Method:
Suited to: Dancers who seek a well-rounded ballet education that incorporates elements from both RAD and Cecchetti techniques. The Imperial method may be suitable for those who desire flexibility in training and a comprehensive approach to ballet.
Strengths: Dancers who can adapt to different styles and techniques, as the Imperial method combines the strengths of both RAD and Cecchetti.
Focus: The Imperial method focuses on technical excellence, artistic expression, and a structured approach to ballet training.
It's important to note that these are general observations, and individual dancers may find success and fulfillment in any of these styles. It's recommended to try classes or workshops in each style, consult with experienced teachers, and consider personal strengths and aspirations to determine which style aligns best with your unique abilities and goals as a dancer.
How do they all differ in cost?
The cost of ballet training can vary based on factors such as the geographic location, the reputation of the dance school, the level of instruction, and the duration and frequency of classes. It's important to note that the cost may differ from one ballet school to another, even within the same ballet style.
It's important to research and inquire directly with ballet schools or institutions in your area to obtain accurate and up-to-date information regarding the cost of training. Many ballet schools offer different payment options, including termly fees, monthly installments, or package deals, so it's advisable to inquire about the payment structure and any available scholarships or financial aid opportunities.
Remember that investing in ballet training is an investment in your artistic and technical development. Carefully consider your budget and prioritise the quality of instruction and the training environment when making decisions about which ballet style and school to choose.
Which is the most popular style?
The popularity of ballet styles can vary depending on geographic location, cultural influences, and trends within the dance industry. It is challenging to pinpoint a definitive "most popular" style, as different styles may be more prevalent in different regions or dance communities. However, the RAD (Royal Academy of Dance) method and the Vaganova method have gained significant recognition and popularity worldwide.
RAD (Royal Academy of Dance): The RAD method, founded in the United Kingdom, has a strong presence globally and is widely recognised as one of the most prominent ballet training methods. It has a comprehensive syllabus, graded examinations, and an extensive network of certified teachers and affiliated schools around the world. The RAD method's versatility, incorporating classical ballet, contemporary dance, and character dance, has contributed to its popularity among dancers of various ages and aspirations.
Vaganova Method: The Vaganova method, originating from Russia, has had a profound impact on classical ballet training and has produced many renowned dancers. It is highly regarded for its emphasis on strong technique, artistry, and musicality. The Vaganova method is taught in prestigious institutions such as the Vaganova Academy in St. Petersburg, which has attracted aspiring dancers from around the world. Its influence has spread globally, making it a popular choice for ballet training.
Both RAD and the Vaganova method have played significant roles in shaping the ballet world and have contributed to the training of countless dancers who have gone on to successful careers in professional companies worldwide.
It's worth noting that the popularity of ballet styles can also be influenced by cultural factors and regional preferences. In certain countries or regions, other methods such as the Cecchetti method or variations of national ballet techniques may be more prevalent.
Ultimately, the choice of a ballet style should be based on personal preferences, training goals, and the availability of qualified teachers and reputable schools in your area. It's important to consider the specific strengths and characteristics of each style and find one that resonates with your artistic aspirations and aligns with your training needs.
If you enjoyed this blog post, please check out some of my other articles here Interested in on-demand training? Head to www.myballetcoach.com for more!
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